Some of the earliest art songs are found in the music of Henry Purcell. The troubadours and bards of Europe began the documented tradition of romantic songs, continued by the Elizabethan lutenists. Some art songs are so revered that they take on characteristics of national identification.Īrt songs emerge from the tradition of singing romantic love songs, often to an ideal or imaginary person and from religious songs. The accompaniment of European art songs is considered as an important part of the composition. Art songs may be more formally complicated than popular or folk songs, though many early Lieder by the likes of Franz Schubert are in simple strophic form. The lyrics are often written by a poet or lyricist and the music separately by a composer. German-speaking communities use the term art song ("Kunstlied") to distinguish so-called "serious" compositions from folk song ( Volkslied). Art songs are a tradition from most European countries, and now other countries with classical music traditions. Though such singers may also perform popular or folk songs on their programs, these characteristics and the use of poetry are what distinguish art songs from popular songs. Art songs require strong vocal technique, understanding of language, diction, and poetry for interpretation. Īrt songs are songs created for performance by classical artists, often with piano or other instrumental accompaniment, although they can be sung solo. Through semantic widening, a broader sense of the word "song" may refer to instrumentals, such as Mendelssohn's 19th century Songs Without Words pieces for solo piano. Songs can be broadly divided into many different forms and types, depending on the criteria used. Songs with more than one voice to a part singing in polyphony or harmony are considered choral works. In Classical music, melodies are written by composers in sheet music format, so singers learn to read music.
In jazz and blues, singers often learn songs "by ear" and they may improvise some melody lines. A Classical singer may perform with a single pianist, a small ensemble, or an orchestra. In jazz, a singer may perform with a single pianist, a small combo (such as a trio or quartet), or with a big band. In popular music, a singer may perform with an acoustic guitarist, pianist, organist, accordionist, or a backing band. A song can be sung without accompaniment by instrumentalists ( a cappella) or accompanied by instruments.
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Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas, films, and TV shows.Ī song may be for a solo singer, a lead singer supported by background singers, a duet, trio, or larger ensemble involving more voices singing in harmony, although the term is generally not used for large classical music vocal forms including opera and oratorio, which use terms such as aria and recitative instead. Songs are performed live and recorded on audio or video (or, in some cases, a song may be performed live and simultaneously recorded). Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert or recital performances.
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These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers, and lyricists. Songs that are composed for professional singers who sell their recordings or live shows to the mass market are called popular songs. Songs composed in a simple style that are learned informally "by ear" are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Written words created specifically for music, or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. Songs contain various forms, such as those including the repetition and variation of sections. This is often done at distinct and fixed pitches (melodies) using patterns of sound and silence. American jazz singer and songwriter Billie Holiday in New York City in 1947Ī song is a musical composition intended to be performed by the human voice.
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